FastOG
Argomento

Immagini OG in JavaScript

Genera og:image in JavaScript con l'API FastOG — con un abbonamento Dynamic API (crea la tua chiave API nel dashboard), basato su abbonamento, protetto tramite HMAC. Questa guida ti mostra come creare un'utility di firma (signer) per URL di immagini OG firmati con HMAC e generare immagini Open Graph dinamiche al volo. Prova il Tester di Immagini OG Gratuito per visualizzare l'anteprima prima di pubblicare.

Indice

  1. Avvio rapido (5 minuti)
  2. Next.js App Router
  3. Next.js Pages Router
  4. Backend Express.js
  5. Node.js puro
  6. Pattern di integrazione frontend
  7. Test e debug
  8. Errori comuni

Avvio Rapido

Obiettivo: Generare un URL di immagine OG firmato in 5 minuti.

Passaggio 1: Installare le Dipendenze

bash
npm install crypto  # Built-in, no install needed

Passaggio 2: Creare l'Utilità di Firma

javascript
// lib/og-image-signer.js
import crypto from "crypto";

export function generateSignedOgUrl(params, options = {}) {
    const {
        baseUrl = "https://fastog.com/api/v1/og",
        apiKey = process.env.FASTOG_API_KEY,
        hmacSecret = process.env.FASTOG_HMAC_SECRET,
    } = options;

    if (!apiKey || !hmacSecret) {
        throw new Error("Missing FASTOG_API_KEY or FASTOG_HMAC_SECRET");
    }

    // RFC-3986 percent-encoding: keep A-Za-z0-9-._~
    const enc = (s) =>
        encodeURIComponent(s).replace(
            /[!'()*]/g,
            (c) => "%" + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase(),
        );

    // Every query param except the signature, INCLUDING key
    const all = { ...params, key: apiKey };

    // Canonical query: sorted enc(key)=enc(value) pairs joined with &
    const pairs = [];
    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(all)) {
        for (const vv of Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v]) {
            pairs.push(`${enc(k)}=${enc(vv)}`);
        }
    }
    pairs.sort();
    const canonical = pairs.join("&");

    // Sign the exact bytes the server will verify
    const signature = crypto
        .createHmac("sha256", hmacSecret)
        .update(`GET/api/v1/og\n${canonical}`)
        .digest("hex");

    // Build the URL from the same pairs so bytes match the canonical form
    const url = new URL(baseUrl);
    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(all)) {
        for (const vv of Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v]) {
            url.searchParams.append(Array.isArray(v) ? `${k}[]` : k, vv);
        }
    }
    url.searchParams.set("s", signature);

    return url.toString();
}

Passaggio 3: Utilizzarla nella Tua App

javascript
// app/blog/[slug]/page.jsx
import { generateSignedOgUrl } from "@/lib/og-image-signer";

export async function generateMetadata({ params }) {
    const post = await getPost(params.slug);

    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
        template: "blog",
        title: post.title,
        subtitle: post.excerpt,
    });

    return {
        openGraph: {
            images: [ogImageUrl],
        },
    };
}

Passaggio 4: Test

Il firmatario è un modulo ES (import/export), quindi usa un import() dinamico:

bash
node -e "
import('./lib/og-image-signer.js').then(({ generateSignedOgUrl }) => {
    console.log(generateSignedOgUrl({ title: 'Test' }));
});
"

Next.js App Router

typescript
// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
import { generateSignedOgUrl } from "@/lib/og-image-signer";
import { getPost } from "@/lib/posts";

interface PageProps {
    params: Promise<{ slug: string }>;
}

export async function generateMetadata({ params }: PageProps) {
    const { slug } = await params;
    const post = await getPost(slug);

    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
        template: "blog",
        title: post.title,
        subtitle: post.excerpt,
        author: post.author.name,
        // Optional: customize colors
        theme: "indigo",
    });

    return {
        title: post.title,
        description: post.excerpt,
        openGraph: {
            title: post.title,
            description: post.excerpt,
            images: [
                {
                    url: ogImageUrl,
                    width: 1200,
                    height: 630,
                    alt: post.title,
                },
            ],
            type: "article",
        },
        twitter: {
            card: "summary_large_image",
            images: [ogImageUrl],
        },
    };
}

Pattern 2: Proxy tramite API Route

Usa questo pattern se vuoi mettere in cache le immagini OG o aggiungere logica personalizzata.

typescript
// app/api/og/route.ts
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
import { generateSignedOgUrl } from "@/lib/og-image-signer";

export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
    try {
        const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url);
        const title = searchParams.get("title");
        const template = searchParams.get("template") || "default";

        if (!title) {
            return NextResponse.json(
                { error: "Missing title parameter" },
                { status: 400 },
            );
        }

        // Generate signed URL
        const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
            template,
            title,
        });

        // Option 1: Redirect to FastOG
        return NextResponse.redirect(ogImageUrl);

        // Option 2: Fetch and return image (for caching)
        // const response = await fetch(ogImageUrl);
        // const imageBuffer = await response.arrayBuffer();
        // return new NextResponse(imageBuffer, {
        //     headers: {
        //         'Content-Type': 'image/png',
        //         'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable',
        //     },
        // });
    } catch (error) {
        console.error("OG image generation failed:", error);
        return NextResponse.json(
            { error: "Failed to generate OG image" },
            { status: 500 },
        );
    }
}

Utilizzo:

typescript
// In your component
<meta property="og:image" content={`/api/og?title=${encodeURIComponent(post.title)}`} />

Pattern 3: Componente Server Diretto

typescript
// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
import { generateSignedOgUrl } from '@/lib/og-image-signer';

export default async function BlogPost({ params }) {
    const post = await getPost(params.slug);

    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
        template: 'blog',
        title: post.title,
    });

    return (
        <article>
            <head>
                <meta property="og:image" content={ogImageUrl} />
                <meta property="og:title" content={post.title} />
            </head>
            {/* ... post content ... */}
        </article>
    );
}

Next.js Pages Router

typescript
// pages/blog/[slug].tsx
import { generateSignedOgUrl } from '@/lib/og-image-signer';
import { GetStaticProps, GetStaticPaths } from 'next';

interface BlogPostProps {
    post: Post;
    ogImageUrl: string;
}

export default function BlogPost({ post, ogImageUrl }: BlogPostProps) {
    return (
        <>
            <Head>
                <meta property="og:image" content={ogImageUrl} />
                <meta property="og:title" content={post.title} />
                <meta property="og:description" content={post.excerpt} />
            </Head>
            <article>
                <h1>{post.title}</h1>
                <p>{post.excerpt}</p>
            </article>
        </>
    );
}

export async function getStaticPaths() {
    // Generate paths...
}

export async function getStaticProps({ params }) {
    const post = await getPost(params.slug);

    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
        template: 'blog',
        title: post.title,
        subtitle: post.excerpt,
    });

    return {
        props: {
            post,
            ogImageUrl,
        },
    };
}

Backend Express.js

Configurazione

bash
npm install express crypto

Implementazione

javascript
// app.js
import express from "express";
import crypto from "crypto";
import { URL } from "url";

const app = express();

function generateSignedOgUrl(params, options = {}) {
    const {
        baseUrl = "https://fastog.com/api/v1/og",
        apiKey = process.env.FASTOG_API_KEY,
        hmacSecret = process.env.FASTOG_HMAC_SECRET,
    } = options;

    // RFC-3986 percent-encoding: keep A-Za-z0-9-._~
    const enc = (s) =>
        encodeURIComponent(s).replace(
            /[!'()*]/g,
            (c) => "%" + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase(),
        );

    // Every query param except the signature, INCLUDING key
    const all = { ...params, key: apiKey };

    // Canonical query: sorted enc(key)=enc(value) pairs joined with &
    const pairs = [];
    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(all)) {
        for (const vv of Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v]) {
            pairs.push(`${enc(k)}=${enc(vv)}`);
        }
    }
    pairs.sort();
    const canonical = pairs.join("&");

    // Sign the exact bytes the server will verify
    const signature = crypto
        .createHmac("sha256", hmacSecret)
        .update(`GET/api/v1/og\n${canonical}`)
        .digest("hex");

    // Build the URL from the same pairs so bytes match the canonical form
    const url = new URL(baseUrl);
    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(all)) {
        for (const vv of Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v]) {
            url.searchParams.append(Array.isArray(v) ? `${k}[]` : k, vv);
        }
    }
    url.searchParams.set("s", signature);

    return url.toString();
}

// Blog post route
app.get("/blog/:slug", async (req, res) => {
    const post = await getPost(req.params.slug);

    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
        template: "blog",
        title: post.title,
        subtitle: post.excerpt,
    });

    res.render("blog/post", {
        post,
        ogImageUrl,
    });
});

// API endpoint for dynamic OG images
app.get("/api/og", (req, res) => {
    const { title, template = "default" } = req.query;

    if (!title) {
        return res.status(400).json({ error: "Missing title" });
    }

    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
        template,
        title,
    });

    res.json({ ogImageUrl });
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
    console.log("Server running on port 3000");
});

Template EJS

ejs
<!-- views/blog/post.ejs -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta property="og:image" content="<%= ogImageUrl %>" />
    <meta property="og:title" content="<%= post.title %>" />
    <meta property="og:description" content="<%= post.excerpt %>" />
</head>
<body>
    <h1><%= post.title %></h1>
</body>
</html>

Vanilla Node.js

javascript
// og-signer.js
const crypto = require("crypto");
const { URL } = require("url");

function generateSignedOgUrl(params, options = {}) {
    const {
        baseUrl = "https://fastog.com/api/v1/og",
        apiKey = process.env.FASTOG_API_KEY,
        hmacSecret = process.env.FASTOG_HMAC_SECRET,
    } = options;

    // RFC-3986 percent-encoding: keep A-Za-z0-9-._~
    const enc = (s) =>
        encodeURIComponent(s).replace(
            /[!'()*]/g,
            (c) => "%" + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase(),
        );

    // Every query param except the signature, INCLUDING key
    const all = { ...params, key: apiKey };

    // Canonical query: sorted enc(key)=enc(value) pairs joined with &
    const pairs = [];
    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(all)) {
        for (const vv of Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v]) {
            pairs.push(`${enc(k)}=${enc(vv)}`);
        }
    }
    pairs.sort();
    const canonical = pairs.join("&");

    // Sign the exact bytes the server will verify
    const signature = crypto
        .createHmac("sha256", hmacSecret)
        .update(`GET/api/v1/og\n${canonical}`)
        .digest("hex");

    // Build the URL from the same pairs so bytes match the canonical form
    const url = new URL(baseUrl);
    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(all)) {
        for (const vv of Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v]) {
            url.searchParams.append(Array.isArray(v) ? `${k}[]` : k, vv);
        }
    }
    url.searchParams.set("s", signature);

    return url.toString();
}

module.exports = { generateSignedOgUrl };

Utilizzo:

javascript
// index.js
const { generateSignedOgUrl } = require("./og-signer");

const ogUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({
    template: "blog",
    title: "My Blog Post",
});

console.log("OG Image URL:", ogUrl);

Pattern di Integrazione Frontend

Pattern 1: Generazione di Siti Statici (SSG)

Ideale per: post del blog, pagine prodotto, contenuti che non cambiano frequentemente.

typescript
// Generate at build time
export async function generateStaticParams() {
    const posts = await getAllPosts();
    return posts.map((post) => ({ slug: post.slug }));
}

export async function generateMetadata({ params }) {
    const post = await getPost(params.slug);

    return {
        openGraph: {
            images: [generateSignedOgUrl({ title: post.title })],
        },
    };
}

Pattern 2: Rendering Lato Server (SSR)

Ideale per: contenuti dinamici, pagine specifiche per utente.

typescript
export default async function Page({ params }) {
    const data = await fetchData(params.id);
    const ogImageUrl = generateSignedOgUrl({ title: data.title });

    return (
        <>
            <Head>
                <meta property="og:image" content={ogImageUrl} />
            </Head>
            <Content data={data} />
        </>
    );
}

Pattern 3: Fallback Lato Client

Quando la generazione lato server non è possibile.

typescript
'use client';

import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';

export default function ShareButtons({ post }) {
    const [ogImageUrl, setOgImageUrl] = useState<string | null>(null);

    useEffect(() => {
        // Fetch from your API that generates signed URLs
        fetch(`/api/og?title=${encodeURIComponent(post.title)}`)
            .then(res => res.json())
            .then(data => setOgImageUrl(data.ogImageUrl));
    }, [post.title]);

    const shareUrl = ogImageUrl || '/fallback-og.png';

    return (
        <div>
            <button onClick={() => shareToTwitter(shareUrl)}>
                Share on Twitter
            </button>
        </div>
    );
}

⚠️ Avviso: la generazione lato client significa che i crawler dei social non vedranno l'immagine OG dinamica. Usa SSR/SSG quando possibile.

Test e Debug

Test Unitari

javascript
// __tests__/og-image-signer.test.js
import { generateSignedOgUrl } from "../lib/og-image-signer";

describe("generateSignedOgUrl", () => {
    const mockParams = {
        title: "Test Post",
        template: "blog",
    };

    const mockOptions = {
        apiKey: "sk_test1234567890",
        hmacSecret: "a".repeat(64),
    };

    it("generates a valid URL", () => {
        const url = generateSignedOgUrl(mockParams, mockOptions);
        expect(url).toMatch(/^https:\/\/fastog\.com\/api\/v1\/og\?/);
        expect(url).toContain("key=sk_test");
        expect(url).toContain("s=");
    });

    it("includes all params", () => {
        const url = generateSignedOgUrl(mockParams, mockOptions);
        const parsed = new URL(url);
        expect(parsed.searchParams.get("title")).toBe("Test Post");
        expect(parsed.searchParams.get("template")).toBe("blog");
    });

    it("throws without API key", () => {
        expect(() => generateSignedOgUrl(mockParams, {})).toThrow();
    });
});

Test Manuali

bash
# 1. Generate URL (ES module — use dynamic import)
node -e "
import('./lib/og-image-signer.js').then(({ generateSignedOgUrl }) => {
    const url = generateSignedOgUrl({ title: 'Test' });
    console.log(url);
});
"

# 2. Test with curl
curl "https://fastog.com/api/v1/og?title=Test&key=sk_quick_123abc&s=<sig>"

# 3. Check response headers
curl -I "https://fastog.com/api/v1/og?title=Test&key=sk_quick_123abc&s=<sig>"

Modalità di Debug

javascript
function generateSignedOgUrl(params, options = {}) {
    const debug = options.debug || process.env.DEBUG_OG === "true";

    // ... existing code ...

    if (debug) {
        console.log("OG URL Debug:", {
            baseUrl,
            canonical,
            apiKey,
            signature,
            finalUrl: url.toString(),
        });
    }

    return url.toString();
}

Insidie Comuni

1. Esporre il Segreto HMAC nel Codice Client

❌ Sbagliato:

javascript
// In client component
const ogUrl = generateSignedOgUrl(params, {
    hmacSecret: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_HMAC_SECRET,
});

✅ Corretto:

javascript
// In server component or API route
export async function generateMetadata() {
    const ogUrl = generateSignedOgUrl(params);
    // ...
}

2. Non Gestire la Codifica dell'URL

❌ Sbagliato:

javascript
const url = `${baseUrl}?title=${params.title}&key=${apiKey}`;

✅ Corretto:

javascript
const url = new URL(baseUrl);
url.searchParams.set("title", params.title);
url.searchParams.set("key", apiKey);

3. Firmare Byte Diversi da Quelli che Invii

La firma copre GET/api/v1/og più un carattere di nuova riga più la query canonica — le coppie enc(key)=enc(value) ordinate di ogni parametro tranne s, incluso key. Costruisci l'URL finale a partire da quelle stesse coppie codificate, altrimenti il server restituisce 401 invalid_signature.

Variabili d’ambiente

bash
# .env.local
FASTOG_API_KEY=sk_your_full_api_key_here
FASTOG_HMAC_SECRET=your_64_char_hex_secret_here
FASTOG_BASE_URL=https://fastog.com/api/v1/og
typescript
// lib/env.ts
import { z } from "zod";

const envSchema = z.object({
    FASTOG_API_KEY: z.string().startsWith("sk_"),
    FASTOG_HMAC_SECRET: z.string().length(64),
    FASTOG_BASE_URL: z
        .string()
        .url()
        .optional()
        .default("https://fastog.com/api/v1/og"),
});

export const env = envSchema.parse(process.env);

Passaggi Successivi

Riferimento API completo

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